Dr. Stephan Dreyer

Senior Researcher Media Law & Media Governance

Stephan Dreyer is Senior Researcher in Media Law and Media Governance at the Leibniz Institute for Media Research | Hans-Bredow-Institut (HBI). His research focuses on regulatory issues of mediated communication in a datafied society. He looks into challenges that regulation is facing in the light of new technologies, services and changing media use.

Currently he is working on legal issues of AI-based communication and automated decision-making systems, (social) bot communication and the limitations of transparency/disclosure as a regulatory resource.

He’s a legal expert in regulatory questions at the intersection of protection of minors, privacy and data protection. He also conducts legal and comparative analyses of systems in the area of media-related governance.

In the context of his PhD thesis, he has investigated the margins of appreciation as well as the determinants of legal decisions under uncertainty, with a specific focus on the protection of minors. His thesis also focused on the different scope for decision-making by legislators, supervisory authorities and self-regulatory bodies and their relevance for dealing with uncertainty.

After having studied Law at Universität Hamburg with a focus on Information and Communication Law, he has been member of staff at the Hans-Bredow-Institut since 2002.

Activities Outside of the Institute

Stephan Dreyer is spokesperson for the Complaint Committee as well as the Expert Committee of the “Association for Voluntary Self-Regulation of Digital Media Service Providers” (FSM); he is a Surveyor for Child Protection at the Entertainment Software Self-Regulation Body (USK.online) as well as member of the USK Appeal Commission. He is member of the board of trustees of the German Association for Voluntary Self-Regulation of Television (FSF) and member of the Advisory Board at klicksafe.de. In the context of the European CEO Coalition (2011-2014) he has chaired the “Technical Task Force on Interoperability and Machine-Readability”, who has analysed opportunities and specifications of technical interoperability of electronic age classification information. From 2014 to 2016 he has been leading project co-ordinator of the international, EC co-funded technical pilot MIRACLE (Machine-redable and interoperable age label classifications in Europe), a project that has shown that interoperable age classifications are technically feasible, consumer-friendly and that ratings interoperability can strengthen the Digital Single Market to a significant degree.

Contact information

Dr. Stephan Dreyer

Senior Researcher Media Law & Media Governance

Leibniz Institute for Media Research | Hans-Bredow-Institut
Warburgstraße 30b
20354 Hamburg

Last update: 31.01.2026

Works by Dr. Stephan Dreyer

Publikation Open Access Publication

Determinants of Verification Behavior in Generative Search

Generative AI is being increasingly integrated into search engines, but it has been criticized for producing content that sounds plausible yet is sometimes inaccurate. Little is currently known about the factors that prompt users to verify these responses. The study by Eva-Luise Knor, Michael V. Reiss, Judith Möller, and Lisa Merten addresses this knowledge gap.

Publikation Recently Published

Platforms, Online Surveillance, and the European Union: The Digital Services Act (DSA)

In their open-access article, Prof. Dr. Judith Möller, Ronan Ó Fathaigh, Bengi Zeybek, and Rocco Bellanova explore how the DSA facilitates public and private surveillance practices regarding content disseminated on online platforms.

Cover of issue 2/2026 M&K
Publikation Open Access Publication

M&K 2/2026 Has Been Published

The February 2026 issue of M&K features articles that explore the understanding of roles and the transformative potential of peripheral actors in the DACH region. Other articles examine developments in sports coverage in German daily newspapers from 2011 to 2021 and the usage patterns of ChatGPT, as well as anthropomorphic role attributions. You can download all of these articles free of charge.

Front Page of the Working Paper
Publikation Working Paper Available for Download

Babies and Toddlers in Family Influencing

In what ways and how often are babies and young children (ages 0–5) depicted on commercially oriented German-language social media profiles on Instagram, TikTok, and YouTube? Stephan Dreyer, Claudia Lampert, Kira Thiel, and others analyze this question using qualitative and quantitative methods. They also critically discuss the findings in light of the applicable legal framework and media ethics considerations.

Publikation Open Access Publication

Assessing Age Assurance Technologies: Effectiveness, Side-Effects, and Acceptance

In the article “Assessing Age Assurance Technologies: Effectiveness, Side-Effects, and Acceptance,” Dr. Wouter Lueks, Dr. Stephan Dreyer, Prof. Dr. Hannes Federrath, and Prof. Dr. Judith Simon analyze existing age verification methods.

Publikation Review of a Dissertation

Government Public Relations in New Media

For years, the democratic legitimacy of government public relations has been a topic of discussion in academic literature and constitutional jurisprudence. Tobias Mast reviews a recently published dissertation on the subject, exploring the untapped potential of interdisciplinary legal scholarship in relation to commonly accepted empirical assumptions.

Publikation Article for Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung

Platform Badges for Civic Communication

Digital platforms have become central infrastructures for political communication and social negotiation processes. In his article, Jan Rau examines platform badges, which are tools that platforms use to fulfill their obligation to mitigate risk by creating positive incentives for users to adhere to certain communicative norms.

Cover des Arbeitspapiers
Publikation Working Paper for Download

Responsibility in the Platform Quadrangle

This working paper by Tobias Mast comments on the European Court of Justice's recent Russmedia ruling and sets out the premises for a relationship between EU legal acts in the digital single market that respects fundamental rights.

ein Kabel führt in ein Smartphone
Projekt Project with Helmut Schmidt University

Data Collection and Analysis on TikTok and YouTube

In order to develop the best practices for collecting and analyzing data on short video platforms, Gregor Wiedemann's Media Research Methods Lab at the HBI is participating in a Helmut Schmidt University project examining the German Armed Forces' representation on TikTok and YouTube.

Eine Fernbedienung zeigt auf einen Bildschirm mit unscharfen bunten Bildern
Projekt International Cooperation Project

Euromedia Ownership Monitor

The Euromedia Ownership Monitor provides policymakers and the general public with in-depth insights into the extent of media ownership transparency in the EU. It was updated in 2025.

Cover of the special issue on datafication, 1/2026, M&K
Publikation M&K Issue 1/2026 Published Open Access

On the Datafication of Communication

The special issue of M&K titled "The Datafication of Communication: New Methodological Approaches and Challenges" has been published as Issue 1/2026. The guest editors are Julia Niemann-Lenz, Tim Schatto-Eckrodt, Emese Domahidi, and Merja Mahrt.

Cover of the book
Publikation Article Published in Handbook

Growing Up in Data-Intensive and Automated (Media) Environments

Dr. Claudia Lampert examines changing usage practices and possible implications for socialization research in the chapter “Growing Up in Data-Intensive and Automated (Media) Environments” of the handbook “Media Socialization in ‘Smart’ Environments. Self- and Social Development in the Context of Datafication and Automation,” edited by Laura Sūna and Wolfgang Reißmann.

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