Dr. Stephan Dreyer

Senior Researcher Media Law & Media Governance

Stephan Dreyer is Senior Researcher in Media Law and Media Governance at the Leibniz Institute for Media Research | Hans-Bredow-Institut (HBI). His research focuses on regulatory issues of mediated communication in a datafied society. He looks into challenges that regulation is facing in the light of new technologies, services and changing media use.

Currently he is working on legal issues of AI-based communication and automated decision-making systems, (social) bot communication and the limitations of transparency/disclosure as a regulatory resource.

He’s a legal expert in regulatory questions at the intersection of protection of minors, privacy and data protection. He also conducts legal and comparative analyses of systems in the area of media-related governance.

In the context of his PhD thesis, he has investigated the margins of appreciation as well as the determinants of legal decisions under uncertainty, with a specific focus on the protection of minors. His thesis also focused on the different scope for decision-making by legislators, supervisory authorities and self-regulatory bodies and their relevance for dealing with uncertainty.

After having studied Law at Universität Hamburg with a focus on Information and Communication Law, he has been member of staff at the Hans-Bredow-Institut since 2002.

Activities Outside of the Institute

Stephan Dreyer is spokesperson for the Complaint Committee as well as the Expert Committee of the “Association for Voluntary Self-Regulation of Digital Media Service Providers” (FSM); he is a Surveyor for Child Protection at the Entertainment Software Self-Regulation Body (USK.online) as well as member of the USK Appeal Commission. He is member of the board of trustees of the German Association for Voluntary Self-Regulation of Television (FSF) and member of the Advisory Board at klicksafe.de. In the context of the European CEO Coalition (2011-2014) he has chaired the “Technical Task Force on Interoperability and Machine-Readability”, who has analysed opportunities and specifications of technical interoperability of electronic age classification information. From 2014 to 2016 he has been leading project co-ordinator of the international, EC co-funded technical pilot MIRACLE (Machine-redable and interoperable age label classifications in Europe), a project that has shown that interoperable age classifications are technically feasible, consumer-friendly and that ratings interoperability can strengthen the Digital Single Market to a significant degree.

Contact information

Dr. Stephan Dreyer

Senior Researcher Media Law & Media Governance

Leibniz Institute for Media Research | Hans-Bredow-Institut (HBI)
Rothenbaumchaussee 36
20148 Hamburg
Germany

Last update: 04.07.2024

Works by Dr. Stephan Dreyer

Cover of Working Paper No. 75
Publikation Working Paper Available for Download

Labeling of Edited (Influencer) Photos: Necessity, Effect, Regulatory Approaches

Do digitally edited photos in social media have to be labeled? On behalf of the Commission for the Protection of Minors in the Media (KJM), the HBI investigated the necessity of a legal labeling requirement for edited photos and videos. The expert opinion was presented to the public on 5 February 2025 and is available for download here as a working paper.

Illustration: ein oranger Roboter sitzt inmitten schwarzer Figuren, die Menschen darstellen
Projekt Project of the DFG Research Group ComAI

Communicative AI and Deliberative Quality

What impact do social bots that use Large Language Models (LLMs) have on the quality of political discourse? The project investigates communicative AI in the social domain of political discourse using discourse monitoring and discourse intervention and thus with a largely experimental approach. The case studies are debates in German on the topic of climate change on X, Mastodon and Bluesky.

Cover of the online article on “Mediendiskurs”
Publikation Article on the Platform mediendiskurs

About Constant Dripping and the Sum of Its Parts

The article by Stephan Dreyer and Sünje Andresen examines the challenges that arise for the regulatory framework of child and youth media protection as a result of “micro content” and the cross-platform media use of children and young people, and investigates whether and how regulation can do justice to these new realities.

Cover of a publication
Publikation Conversational Atmosphere Report

Information Ecosystems and Troubled Democracy

Do information ecosystems weaken democracy and promote the viral spread of mis- and disinformation? In the report “Information Ecosystems and Troubled Democracy: A Global Synthesis of the State of Knowledge on New Media, AI and Data Governance”, an international team of researchers assesses the role of information ecosystems.

Mit Dall-E generierte Illustration eines Newsrooms, den ein Roboter und ein Mensch betreten
Projekt Project of the DFG Research Group ComAI

Automation of News and Journalistic Autonomy

The project, which is part of the DFG research group ComAI, investigates communicative AI in journalism by analyzing the associated challenges for journalistic autonomy at the interactional, organizational, and societal levels.

Handydisplay mit mehren App-Icons Chat GPT
Projekt Project of the DFG Research Group ComAI

The Juridification of Communicative AI

The project, which is part of the DFG research group ComAI, is investigating the legal framework for communicative bots (in particular ChatGPT) and social bots (in particular X and Facebook) – on the one hand from the perspective of communication law, and on the other hand from the perspective of emerging AI regulation.

Cover des Impulspapiers
Publikation Discussion Paper for the Friedich-Ebert-Stiftung

How Can the Resilience of the German Media System Be Strengthened?

Tobias Mast has published a paper in the Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung's ‘FES Impuls’ series. The paper examines the legal and structural foundations of public broadcasting and makes it clear that reforms are necessary to ensure its independence in the long term.

Cover des Arbeitspapiers Nr. 74 "Jahr der Nachricht"
Publikation Working Paper No. 74 Available for Download

Experiences with Hands-On Actions in the Year of the News 2024

The "Year of the News 2024" project, part of the #UseTheNews initiative, aims to reach young people with a range of journalistic content and activities and get them involved in journalism. Leonie Wunderlich and Dr. Sascha Hölig researched how young people engage with the campaign and these activities.

Cover of issue 4 of the journal "Medien & Kommunikationswissenschaft"
Publikation Available as Open Access

M&K 4/2024 Published

The articles in M&K 4/2024 focus, among other things, on the topics of media use research, satire and the role of news agencies. All content is available in open access via the eLibrary of the Nomos publishing house.

first page of the online article
Publikation Dossier of the Federal Agency for Civic Education

AI in Social Media

In the online dossier ‘When Appearances Are Deceiving – Deepfakes and Political Reality’ from the Federal Agency for Civic Education (bpb), Jan-Hinrik Schmidt explains how social media platforms have been using machine learning technologies for some time now to curate and moderate content.

Cover of Working Paper No. 73 SIKID
Publikation Working Paper Available for Download

Regulations for Empirical Research with Children

No data processing without the informed consent of the persons concerned. This is one of the conclusions of Sünje Andresen, Stephan Dreyer and Neda Wysocki, who have looked at the legal issues and imponderables in empirical research with children.

Der Schiftsteller Siegfried Lenz vor Hafenkulisse
Projekt Literature on the Radio

Siegfried Lenz: How the Author Uses the Media

The project examines the radio works of the renowned Hamburg author Siegfried Lenz (1926-2014) and documents in three extensive volumes what Lenz wrote for radio from the 1950s to the 1970s, mostly for the NDR.

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